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Deer Fern
Blechnum spicant
Deer fern thrive in moist to wet forests, stream banks, wet slides and some bogs, from Alaska to Northern California.
This fern has two kinds of leaves. The fertile or sporebearing leaves stand erect in the center of the cluster of shorter, sterile, or vegetative leaves. The fertile leaves are very thin, black, and stiff. The vegetative leaves are evergreen. The common name may come from the fern being a source of food for deer and elk during winter snows. The species name spicant means spiky.
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